Some of these Nations, such as the Shasta, Modoc and Klamath, were betimes at odds, including occasional warfare and also the taking of slaves from the Wintun and other more slightly southern Nations. But more importantly, there was also extensive Trading between these various Peoples, both of staple tribal foods from the various bioregions, such as pine nuts, acorns and other seeds, salt, roasted grasshopper salmon, eels, elk, and venison, as well as crafted items: buckskins, rabbit skins, hummingbird scalps, obsidian arrowheads and bows and arrows, basketry, and of more distantly-sourced materials such as dentalia and clam-shell disc beads, even atlatls. Truly an early foreshadowing of OUR regional, culturally diverse Farmers' Market, today, and a wonderful example of the universalities within human social interactions, regardless of the levels of cultural complexity.

Although our modern relationship with, and uses of, these lands is very different today from those of earlier Indigenous Peoples, we also DO Appreciate and gratefully acknowledge the commonality of our human love and respect of the beauty, wonder, and abundant sheltering and nourishing aspects of our Natural World, whether by the more primitive hunting and gathering lifestyles of these earlier Indigenous Peoples, or in terms of our own modern agriculture, hunting, fishing, and recreations in this natural context.